Medico-Legal Recall · CBME / FMT

IPC → BNS · BNSS · BSA

119 sections cross-mapping IPC/CrPC/IEA to BNS/BNSS/BSA, with subparts and the provision on every card. Grouped by the numbers a forensic viva confuses.

Dr Harvinder Singh Chhabra · [email protected]

mastered

Tell us what to fix — a wrong section number, off provision text, a missing offence, anything. Use the "flag this card" link on any card to attach the exact section automatically.

The full mapping table — IPC, CrPC and IEA to BNS, BNSS and BSA

All 119 sections in one printable list, grouped as the cards are grouped. The three statutes replaced the Indian Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Indian Evidence Act with effect from 1 July 2024. Where the new provision differs in substance and not only in numbering, the difference is noted against the row.

Old	New	Subject	The provision
Definitions 5 sections
IPC S 40	BNS S 2(24)	‘Offence’ defined	An act or omission made punishable by any law for the time being in force.
IPC S 44	BNS S 2(14)	‘Injury’ defined	Any harm illegally caused to a person in body, mind, reputation or property.
IPC S 46	BNS S 2(6)	‘Death’ defined	Death of a human being, unless the contrary appears from the context.
IPC S 51	BNS S 2(23)	‘Oath’ defined	Includes a solemn affirmation substituted by law, and any declaration required or authorised by law.
IPC S 52	BNS S 2(11)	‘Good faith’ defined	Nothing is done in good faith which is done without due care and attention.
Criminal responsibility 5 sections
IPC S 82	BNS S 20	Act of a child under 7 (doli incapax)	Nothing is an offence done by a child under seven years of age.
IPC S 83	BNS S 21	Act of a child 7–12 of immature understanding	No offence by a child above 7 and under 12 who has not attained maturity to judge the nature and consequences of the act.
IPC S 84	BNS S 22	Act of a person of unsound mind (insanity)	No offence if, from unsoundness of mind, the person is incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that it is wrong or contrary to law.What changed: Burden of proving the exception is on the accused, on balance of probabilities.
IPC S 85	BNS S 23	Intoxication caused against one's will	No offence by a person incapable of judgment due to intoxication administered without his knowledge or against his will.What changed: Covers involuntary intoxication only.
IPC S 86	BNS S 24	Intoxicated person — offence needing intent/knowledge	A voluntarily intoxicated person is presumed to have the same knowledge as if not intoxicated.
Consent 6 sections
IPC S 87	BNS S 25	Consent — act not likely to cause death/grievous hurt	Harm not intended or known to be likely to cause death/grievous hurt, done with the consent of a person above 18, is not an offence.
IPC S 88	BNS S 26	Good faith for benefit, with consent, not to cause death	Harm done in good faith for a person's benefit, with consent, not intended to cause death, is not an offence.
IPC S 89	BNS S 27	Benefit of child/unsound mind by guardian's consent	Act in good faith for a child under 12 or a person of unsound mind, by or with the guardian's consent (subject to provisos on death/grievous hurt).
IPC S 90	BNS S 28	Consent given under fear or misconception	Consent given under fear of injury or misconception, or by a person of unsound mind / intoxicated / under 12, is not valid consent.
IPC S 92	BNS S 30	Good faith for benefit — without consent (emergency)	Act in good faith for a person's benefit even without consent, where it is impossible to obtain consent in time to save life/health.
IPC S 166B	BNS S 200	Non-treatment of a victim (by hospital)	Failure to treat a victim as required — up to 1 year, or fine, or both.
Injuries (hurt) 13 sections
IPC S 319	BNS S 114	Hurt (definition)	Whoever causes bodily pain, disease or infirmity to any person causes hurt.
IPC S 320	BNS S 116	Grievous hurt (definition — 8 kinds)	Eight kinds: emasculation; loss of sight/hearing; loss of a limb/joint; disfiguration of head or face; fracture/dislocation; and hurt causing 15-day incapacity.What changed: 8th kind now needs incapacity/severe pain for 15 days (reduced from 20 in IPC 320).
IPC S 323	BNS S 115	Voluntarily causing hurt (punishment)	Voluntarily causing hurt — up to 1 year, or fine up to ₹10,000, or both.What changed: Fine raised ₹1,000 → ₹10,000.
IPC S 324	BNS S 118(1)	Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons	Hurt by any instrument for shooting/stabbing/cutting, fire, poison, explosive, corrosive, etc. — up to 3 years, or fine, or both.
IPC S 325	BNS S 117	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt (punishment)	Grievous hurt — up to 7 years + fine. If it causes PVS — 10 years to life. By a group of 5+ on grounds of race/caste/sex/etc. — up to 7 years + fine.What changed: Now subcategorised; adds PVS and mob-grounds variants.
IPC S 326	BNS S 118(2)	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons	Grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means — up to 10 years + fine (extendable to life).
IPC S 326A	BNS S 124(1)	Grievous hurt by acid	Grievous hurt by acid, or causing PVS — 10 years to life + fine paid to the victim for treatment.What changed: Now expressly includes PVS; damage need not be irreversible.
IPC S 326B	BNS S 124(2)	Throwing / attempting to throw acid	Throwing or attempting to throw acid with intent to cause harm — 5 to 7 years + fine.
IPC S 328	BNS S 123	Causing hurt by means of poison	Administering poison/stupefying/intoxicating/unwholesome drug with intent to commit an offence — up to 10 years + fine.
IPC S 337	BNS S 125(a)	Hurt by a rash / negligent act endangering life	Hurt by an act so rash/negligent as to endanger life or personal safety — up to 6 months, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both.What changed: Fine raised ₹500 → ₹5,000.
IPC S 338	BNS S 125(b)	Grievous hurt by a rash / negligent act endangering life	Grievous hurt by such an act — up to 3 years, or fine up to ₹10,000, or both.
IPC S 351	BNS S 130	Assault (definition)	Making a gesture or preparation causing apprehension that criminal force is about to be used.
IPC S 352	BNS S 131	Assault or criminal force (punishment)	Assault/criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation — up to 3 months, or fine, or both.
Homicide & negligence 11 sections
IPC S 299	BNS S 100	Culpable homicide (definition)	Causing death by an act with intent to cause death / such bodily injury as is likely to cause death / with knowledge it is likely to cause death.
IPC S 300	BNS S 101	Murder (definition)	Culpable homicide is murder in the four specified situations (subject to five exceptions).
IPC S 302	BNS S 103	Punishment for murder	Death or imprisonment for life + fine.
IPC S 303	BNS S 104	Punishment for murder by a life-convict	Murder by a person already serving life imprisonment — death or life.
IPC S 304	BNS S 105	Culpable homicide not amounting to murder (punishment)	Up to 10 years to life imprisonment + fine, depending on intent/knowledge.
IPC S 304A	BNS S 106	Death by a rash or negligent act	Death by rash/negligent act not amounting to CH — up to 5 years + fine; a registered medical practitioner's medical negligence — up to 2 years + fine. Hit-and-run (fleeing without reporting) — up to 10 years + fine.What changed: RMP negligence stays 2 yrs, but now imprisonment and fine (was 'or' in IPC). New hit-and-run limb, 106(2).
IPC S 304B	BNS S 80	Dowry death	Death of a woman by burns/injury within 7 years of marriage linked to dowry cruelty — 7 years to life.
IPC S 305	BNS S 107	Abetment of suicide of a child / person of unsound mind	Abetting the suicide of a child or a person of unsound mind — life imprisonment or death + fine.What changed: ‘Insane’ → ‘person of unsound mind’; punishment raised from 10 yrs to life/death.
IPC S 306	BNS S 108	Abetment of suicide	Abetting the suicide of any person — up to 10 years + fine.
IPC S 307	BNS S 109	Attempt to commit murder	Up to 10 years + fine; if hurt is caused, up to life.
IPC S 309*	BNS S 226	Attempt to suicide to compel a public servant	Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain a public servant from duty — up to 1 year, or fine, or community service.What changed: General attempt-to-suicide (IPC 309) is deleted; only this narrow context survives (MHCA 2017 s.115 also applies).
Criminal abortion 7 sections
IPC S 312	BNS S 88	Causing miscarriage	Voluntarily causing miscarriage (not in good faith to save the woman) — up to 3 years, or fine, or both; up to 7 years + fine if the woman is quick with child. A woman who causes her own miscarriage is liable.What changed: MTP Act 1971/2021 is the lawful gateway; BNS keeps the default criminal status.
IPC S 313	BNS S 89	Miscarriage without the woman's consent	Causing miscarriage without consent — 10 years to life + fine.
IPC S 314	BNS S 90	Death caused by an act to cause miscarriage	If the act to cause miscarriage causes death — up to 10 years + fine; up to life if done without consent.
IPC S 315	BNS S 91	Act to prevent a child being born alive / to kill after birth	Act with intent to prevent a child from being born alive or to cause it to die after birth — up to 10 years, or fine, or both.
IPC S 316	BNS S 92	Death of a quick unborn child by an act amounting to CH	Causing death of a quick unborn child by an act that would be culpable homicide — up to 10 years + fine.
IPC S 317	BNS S 93	Exposure & abandonment of a child under 12	Parent/guardian exposing or abandoning a child under 12 — up to 7 years, or fine, or both.
IPC S 318	BNS S 94	Concealment of birth by secret disposal of the body	Secret disposal of a dead body to conceal birth — up to 2 years, or fine, or both.
Sexual offences 21 sections
IPC S 375	BNS S 63	Rape (definition)	Defines the acts and seven circumstances constituting rape.What changed: Age of consent within marriage raised 15 → 18 for the purpose of rape.
IPC S 376(1)/(2)	BNS S 64	Punishment for rape / custodial rape	Rape — 10 years to life + fine; custodial and other aggravated forms — rigorous 10 years to life + fine.
IPC S 376(3)	BNS S 65(1)	Rape of a girl under 16	Rape of a girl under 16 — 20 years to life + fine.
IPC S 376AB	BNS S 65(2)	Rape of a girl under 12	Rape of a girl under 12 — 20 years to life + fine, or death.
IPC S 376A	BNS S 66	Rape causing death or persistent vegetative state	Rape causing death or PVS of the victim — 20 years to life, or death.
IPC S 376B	BNS S 67	Intercourse by husband during separation	Sexual intercourse by a husband upon his wife during separation — 2 to 7 years + fine.
IPC S 376C	BNS S 68	Intercourse by a person in authority (not rape)	Sexual intercourse by a person in authority not amounting to rape — 5 to 10 years + fine.
— S new	BNS S 69	Sexual act on a false promise of marriage / deceit	Sexual intercourse by deceitful means (false promise of marriage/employment/promotion, etc.) — up to 10 years + fine.What changed: Newly added in BNS.
IPC S 376D	BNS S 70(1)	Gang rape	Gang rape — 20 years to life imprisonment (for the remainder of natural life) + fine.
IPC S 376DA/DB	BNS S 70(2)	Gang rape of a girl under 18	Gang rape of a girl under 18 — life imprisonment + fine, or death.What changed: Merges the old <16 / <12 gang-rape provisions; no separate 12/16 age split.
IPC S 376E	BNS S 71	Repeat offenders of rape	Repeat rape offenders — life imprisonment, or death.
IPC S 228A	BNS S 72	Disclosure of a victim's identity (rape, etc.)	Disclosing the identity of a victim of rape/certain offences — up to 2 years + fine.What changed: IPC 228A is split into BNS 72 & 73.
IPC S 228A*	BNS S 73	Publishing court proceedings without permission	Printing/publishing any matter about such court proceedings without permission — up to 2 years + fine.
IPC S 354	BNS S 74	Assault to outrage a woman's modesty	Assault or criminal force to a woman intending to outrage her modesty — 1 to 5 years + fine.
IPC S 354A	BNS S 75	Sexual harassment	Physical advances, demand for sexual favours, showing pornography, sexual remarks — up to 3 years, or fine, or both.
IPC S 354B	BNS S 76	Assault with intent to disrobe a woman	Assault/criminal force to disrobe a woman — 3 to 7 years + fine.
IPC S 354C	BNS S 77	Voyeurism	Watching/capturing the image of a woman in a private act — up to 3 years (first offence) + fine.
IPC S 354D	BNS S 78	Stalking	Following/contacting a woman despite disinterest, or monitoring her internet use — up to 3 years (first offence) + fine.
IPC S 509	BNS S 79	Word/gesture/act to insult a woman's modesty	Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman — up to 3 years + fine.
IPC S 498	BNS S 84	Enticing/detaining a married woman	Enticing, taking away or detaining a married woman with criminal intent — up to 2 years, or fine, or both.
IPC S 498A	BNS S 85	Cruelty by husband or his relatives	Cruelty by a husband or his relative — up to 3 years + fine.
Kidnapping & abduction 8 sections
IPC S 361	BNS S 137(1)	Kidnapping (definition)	Taking a minor (boy <16, girl <18) or a person of unsound mind out of lawful guardianship without consent.
IPC S 362	BNS S 138	Abduction (definition)	By force or deceitful means, compelling or inducing a person to go from any place.
IPC S 363	BNS S 137(2)	Punishment for kidnapping	Up to 7 years + fine.
IPC S 364	BNS S 140(1)	Kidnapping/abducting in order to murder	10 years to life + fine.
IPC S 364A	BNS S 140(2)	Kidnapping for ransom	Life imprisonment or death + fine.
IPC S 366	BNS S 87	Kidnapping/abducting a woman to compel marriage	Up to 10 years + fine.
IPC S 366A	BNS S 96	Procuration of a minor girl (<18)	Inducing a girl under 18 to illicit intercourse — up to 10 years + fine.
IPC S 366B	BNS S 141	Importation of a boy (<16) / girl (<18) from abroad	Importing a minor from a foreign country for illicit intercourse — up to 10 years + fine.
Public decency & the dead 4 sections
IPC S 510	BNS S 355	Misconduct in public by a drunken person	Misconduct in public by a drunken person — up to 24 hours, or fine, or both.
IPC S 290	BNS S 292	Public nuisance (e.g. frotteurism)	Public nuisance not otherwise punishable — fine up to ₹1,000.What changed: Fine raised ₹200 → ₹1,000.
IPC S 294	BNS S 296	Obscene acts and songs (e.g. exhibitionism)	Obscene acts/songs in a public place to another's annoyance — up to 3 months, or fine, or both.
IPC S 297	BNS S 301	Trespass on burial places (necrophilia / necrophagia)	Trespass on a place of worship/sepulture/funeral rites with intent to wound feelings — up to 1 year, or fine, or both.
Poisons 1 sections
IPC S 284	BNS S 286	Negligent conduct with a poisonous substance	Negligent handling of poison endangering human life — up to 6 months, or fine up to ₹5,000, or both.What changed: Fine raised ₹1,000 → ₹5,000.
False evidence & documents 7 sections
IPC S 191	BNS S 227	Giving false evidence (perjury)	Being legally bound by oath to state the truth, making a statement one knows to be false.
IPC S 192	BNS S 228	Fabricating false evidence	Causing any circumstance to exist / making a false document, intending it to appear in evidence.
IPC S 193	BNS S 229	Punishment for false evidence	In a judicial proceeding — up to 7 years + fine; in any other case — up to 3 years + fine.
IPC S 197	BNS S 234	Issuing or signing a false certificate	Issuing/signing a certificate (e.g. medical) known to be false in a material point — up to 7 years + fine.
IPC S 201	BNS S 238	Causing disappearance of evidence / screening an offender	Causing evidence of an offence to disappear, or giving false information to screen the offender — up to 7 years (graded by the offence).
IPC S 202	BNS S 239	Omission to give information of an offence	Intentional omission by a person legally bound to inform — up to 6 months, or fine, or both.
IPC S 204	BNS S 241	Destruction of a document / electronic record	Destroying a document/electronic record to prevent its production as evidence — up to 3 years, or fine, or both.What changed: Punishment enhanced (was up to 2 years).
Death investigation (BNSS) 5 sections
CrPC S 2(c)	BNSS S 2(1)	‘Cognizable offence’ defined	An offence for which a police officer may arrest without warrant.
CrPC S 39	BNSS S 33	Public to give information of certain offences	Every person aware of the commission of certain offences must forthwith inform the nearest Magistrate/police.
CrPC S 174(1)	BNSS S 194	Police inquest into cause of death	Police inquiry into the apparent cause of an unnatural/suspicious/sudden death; report forwarded to the District/Sub-divisional Magistrate.
CrPC S 174(3)	BNSS S 194	Compulsory autopsy — death of a woman within 7 yrs of marriage	Post-mortem examination is compulsory where a woman dies within 7 years of marriage in suspicious circumstances.
CrPC S 176	BNSS S 196	Magistrate's inquiry into cause of death	Magisterial inquiry in custodial death/disappearance/rape and in matrimonial death within 7 years.What changed: Inquiry can now be by any Magistrate (judicial or executive), not only JM-I/Metropolitan.
Medical examination (BNSS) 9 sections
CrPC S 53(1)	BNSS S 51(1)	Examination of the accused (at police request)	A registered medical practitioner examines an arrested person at a police officer's request when there are reasonable grounds it will yield evidence.
CrPC S 53(2)	BNSS S 51(2)	Female accused examined only by a female doctor	Examination of a female accused is done only by, or under the supervision of, a female registered medical practitioner.
CrPC S 53A	BNSS S 52	Examination of a rape accused	Detailed medical examination of a person accused of rape by a registered medical practitioner, with a reasoned report.
CrPC S 54	BNSS S 53	Examination of an arrested person (at his own request)	An arrested person may request a medical examination to detect evidence in his favour.
CrPC S 164A	BNSS S 184	Medical examination of a rape victim	Examination of a rape survivor by a registered medical practitioner, with consent; victim sent within 24 hours of information, report forwarded within 7 days.What changed: 184(6) adds a 7-day limit to forward the report (old 164A said 'without delay'). The 24-hour limit to send the victim already existed in 164A.
CrPC S 327	BNSS S 366	Examination of a sexual-assault survivor — in camera	Trial/examination of a survivor of sexual assault must be conducted in camera.
CrPC S 291	BNSS S 326	Deposition of a medical witness	A civil surgeon's/medical witness's deposition may be given in evidence though the witness is not called.
CrPC S 357C	BNSS S 397	Free treatment of rape/acid victims + info to police	All hospitals must provide free first-aid/medical treatment to victims of rape and acid attacks and inform the police.
CrPC S 416	BNSS S 456	Commutation of a death sentence on a pregnant woman	Where a woman sentenced to death is pregnant, the sentence is commuted to life imprisonment.What changed: Now compulsory commutation (earlier only postponement).
Court & witness (BSA) 17 sections
IEA S 3	BSA S 2(1)	‘Evidence’ defined	Includes oral/documentary and electronic/digital records produced for the court's inspection.
IEA S 32(1)	BSA S 26	Dying declaration	A statement by a person as to the cause of death, or the circumstances of the transaction resulting in death, is relevant.
IEA S 45	BSA S 39(1)	Opinion of experts	On a point of foreign law, science, art, handwriting or finger impressions, the opinions of specially skilled persons are relevant.
IEA S 107	BSA S 110	Presumption of being alive (within 30 years)	A person alive within 30 years is presumed alive; the burden of proving death lies on the one who asserts it.
IEA S 108	BSA S 111	Presumption of death (not heard of for 7 years)	A person not heard of for 7 years by those who would have heard is presumed dead; burden of proving alive shifts.
IEA S 114A	BSA S 120	Presumption of absence of consent in rape	Where intercourse is proved and the woman states she did not consent, the court presumes absence of consent.
IEA S 137	BSA S 142	Examination-in-chief (procedure)	The examination of a witness by the party who calls him.
IEA S 138	BSA S 143	Order of examinations	Witnesses are examined-in-chief, then cross-examined, then re-examined.
IEA S 141	BSA S 146(1)	Leading questions (definition)	A question suggesting the answer the questioner wishes to receive.
IEA S 142	BSA S 146(2)	When leading questions must not be asked	Not allowed in examination-in-chief or re-examination without the court's permission.
IEA S 143	BSA S 146(4)	When leading questions may be asked	Allowed in cross-examination.
IEA S 146	BSA S 149	Questions lawful in cross-examination	A witness may be asked questions to test veracity, discover identity/position, or shake credit.
IEA S 148	BSA S 151	Court to decide when a witness is compelled to answer	The court decides whether a witness must answer a question going only to credit.
IEA S 151	BSA S 154	Indecent and scandalous questions	The court may forbid indecent or scandalous questions unless they relate to facts in issue.
IEA S 154	BSA S 157	Hostile witness (party questioning own witness)	The court may permit a party to put cross-examination-type questions to its own (hostile) witness.
IEA S 159	BSA S 162	Refreshing memory	A witness may refresh memory by referring to a writing made at the time of the transaction.
IEA S 162	BSA S 165	Production of documents	A witness summoned to produce a document must do so; the court decides admissibility/validity of objections.

Provisions are paraphrased summaries with the punishment where it matters, not the bare text. Verify against the official Act at indiacode.nic.in before any of it goes into a report or a certificate.